In the surrounding-structures description, lamina dura is described as either intact or not visualized.

• A. Intact or not visualized
• B. Displaced or widened
• C. Intact or visualized
• D. Not visualized or visualized

Answer: (A)

Lamina dura on a radiograph is the thin radiopaque line that outlines the tooth root and represents the surrounding bone. In the surrounding-structures description, its appearance is described in two possible states: it is intact when that radiopaque line is continuous and clearly visible around the root, and it is not visualized when that line cannot be seen at all. This dichotomy captures the normal vs. degraded or obscured appearance due to pathology or image factors. The idea isn’t about displacement or widening of the lamina dura itself; those terms aren’t the standard descriptors for this structure in this context. So the best choice is the one that states intact or not visualized.